C logical operators: operands are any type, non-zero is true, result is 0 or 1:

 !   NOT
 &&  AND
 ||  OR

C bitwise operators: operands must be some integer type:

 ~   NOT
 <<  shift left
 >>  shift right
 &   AND
 ^   XOR
 |   OR

 <<=  >>=  &=  ^=  |=   assignments

Examples:

    5       5 = 0101
 && 2     & 2 = 0010
 ----     ----------
    1       0 = 0000
  

If a signed integer is shifted right, the sign bit may or may not be extended,
so don't count on it, e.g. (0b10...0 >> 1) may produce 0b110...0 or 0b010...0

(0b10101... is Python, not C.  In C or Python: 012 == 10, 0x12 == 18)


Given an unsigned integer x:

 x & 1               look at bit 0, result is 0 or 1

 x & (1 << k)        look at bit k, result is 0 or (1 << k)      

 (x >> k) & 1        look at bit k, result is 0 or 1

 x & 3               look at least significant 2 bits, result is 0, 1, 2, or 3

 x |= (1 << k)       set bit k high, (1 << k) == 0b0...010...0

 x &= ~(1 << k)      set bit k low, ~(1 << k) == 0b1...101...1

 x |= 3              set least significant 2 bits high, 3 == 0b0...011

 x &= ~3             set least significant 2 bits low, ~3 == 0b1...100

 x ^= (1 << k)       flip bit k

 // r = count of number of 1's in x
 //
  r = 0;  while( x) { r += (x & 1); x >>= 1; }

 // r = bits of x in reverse order, n is bit-length of x
 //
   r = 0;  for( i = 0; i < n; ++i) { r <<= 1; r |= x & 1; x >>= 1; }